Define evaporation.

Why does evaporation cause a liquid to cool down?

Name three factors that affect the rate of evaporation.

Why does increasing the surface area of a liquid increase its rate of evaporation?

Why does increasing air movement over a liquid increase its rate of evaporation?

Evaporation is used to cool the human body because ______ on the skin evaporates, using energy from the body's thermal energy store.

True or False? All the molecules in a liquid have exactly the same amount of energy.

What is the aim of the specific heat capacity experiment?

In the specific heat capacity experiment, what are the independent and dependent variables?

Give three control variables in the specific heat capacity experiment.

What equation is used to calculate the thermal energy supplied to the block in the specific heat capacity experiment?

True or False? In the specific heat capacity experiment, the measured specific heat capacity is likely to come out higher than the true value.

In the specific heat capacity experiment, why should the block be fully insulated?

How could using a joulemeter improve the specific heat capacity experiment?

Define the fixed points of water.

Why does the temperature of a substance stay constant while it is melting or boiling, even though thermal energy is still being transferred to it?

What happens to water molecules as ice melts?

True or False? During condensation, energy is transferred away from the kinetic energy store of the particles, causing the temperature to fall.

What happens to particles during solidification, once enough energy has been transferred away from them?

On a heating or cooling graph, the temperature stays ______ during a change of state, producing a flat section on the graph.

Name the two changes of state that occur while a substance is cooling.

Define internal energy.

Define specific heat capacity.

What happens to the average kinetic energy of a substance's molecules as its temperature rises?

Why can the internal energy of a gas be taken as just the sum of the kinetic energies of its molecules?

A substance has a low specific heat capacity. What does this mean for how quickly it heats up and cools down?

State the equation for specific heat capacity.

True or False? A substance with a high specific heat capacity heats up and cools down quickly.

A 0.48 kg mass of water is heated so its temperature rises by 0.7 °C. Given the specific heat capacity of water is 4200 J / kg °C, calculate the thermal energy transferred to the water.

Define thermal expansion.

Which expands more when heated: a solid, a liquid or a gas?

When a material is heated, its volume increases and its ______ decreases.

True or False? When a substance is heated, the individual molecules themselves get bigger.

Give two useful applications of thermal expansion.

Explain how a bimetallic strip works in a temperature-activated switch.

Metal structures such as railway tracks, road surfaces and bridges can buckle in hot weather. How is this consequence of thermal expansion managed?