Rank the speed of sound in solids, liquids and gases from fastest to slowest, with typical values.

Describe the apparatus and procedure for measuring the speed of sound directly between two points.

Describe the apparatus and procedure for measuring the speed of sound using an oscilloscope.

Describe an experiment to measure the speed of a ripple on a water surface.

Average speed of sound = distance moved / ______

True or False? Sound travels fastest through gases and slowest through solids.

Define pitch, in terms of a sound wave's frequency.

Define loudness (volume), in terms of a sound wave's amplitude.

What is an oscilloscope used for?

On an oscilloscope screen, how is a sound wave displayed, even though sound is a longitudinal wave?

On an oscilloscope trace of a sound wave, what do the height of the wave and the number of waves shown each represent?

If the frequency of a sound wave ______, more waves are displayed on the oscilloscope screen.

True or False? A sound with a large amplitude has a low pitch.

Define an echo.

What is echo sounding used for?

In echo sounding, why is the total distance travelled by the sound wave equal to twice the depth of the water?

What three pieces of apparatus are used in the experiment to measure the speed of sound using echoes from a wall?

In the echo experiment, the speed of sound is calculated using the equation v = ______ / t, where d is the distance to the wall.

True or False? Sound waves reflect off soft surfaces to produce an echo.

Define a longitudinal wave, using sound as an example.

Define compression and rarefaction.

Why can sound waves not travel through a vacuum?

What is the range of frequencies audible to a healthy human ear?

In the bell jar experiment, what happens to the sound of a ringing bell as the air is gradually pumped out?

Sound is a type of ______ wave, because compressions and rarefactions cause changes that vary in time with the wave.

True or False? Sound waves are transverse waves.

Define ultrasound.

What is the normal range of human hearing?

What happens to ultrasound waves when they reach a boundary between two different media?

Give three uses of ultrasound in medicine.

Why is ultrasound often preferred over other medical imaging techniques?

How is ultrasound used to detect a crack inside a metal object?

An ultrasound transducer can both ______ and ______ ultrasound.

True or False? Ultrasound waves have a frequency lower than 20 000 Hz.