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Translators, Compilers & Interpreters

Exam code: 2210
Written by: Ashika|Reviewed by: Caroline Carroll|Updated 2 July 2026

Translators, Compilers & Interpreters

Translators, Compilers & Interpreters

What is a translator?

  • A translator is a program that translates program source code into machine code so that it can be executed directly by a processor

  • Low-level languages such as assembly code are translated using an assembler

  • High-level languages such as Python are translated using a compiler or interpreter

What is a compiler?

  • A compiler translates high-level languages into machine code all in one go

  • Compilers are generally used when a program is finished and has been checked for syntax errors

  • Compiled code can be distributed (creates an executable) and run without the need for translation software

  • If compiled code contains any errors, after fixing, it will need re-compiling

Advantages

Disadvantages

Speed of execution

Can be memory intensive

Optimises the code

Difficult to debug

Original source code will not be seen

Changes mean it must be recompiled

 

It is designed solely for one specific processor

What is an interpreter?

  • An interpreter translates high-level languages into machine code one line at a time

  • Each line is executed after translation and if any errors are found, the process stops

  • Interpreters are generally used when a program is being written in the development stage

  • Interpreted code is more difficult to distribute as translation software is needed for it to run

Advantages

Disadvantages

Stops when it finds a specific syntax error in the code

Slower execution

Easier to debug

Every time the program is run it has to be translated

Require less RAM to process the code

Executed as is, no optimisation